Scientists at Stanford University in the US, are betting on the use of carbon nanotubes as an alternative to silicon for making microchips. According to the researchers, the structure may have thickness 50,000 times smaller than a hair, ideal for the development of extremely fast and efficient PCs, which would give a future smartphone processing power found in a supercomputer. Moreover, the promise is that a device with technology to work with only one battery charge per month.
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the main idea developed in a study since 2011 and can reach the market from 2031, is using tiny carbon tubes made to build microchips, such as processors, network controllers, graphics cards and modules RAM memory. The carbon nanotubes used in the form of the function would have to replace silicon as semiconductor material
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is a semiconductor material that can conduct electricity or not. This feature is critical to the construction of any electronic device.
Silicon is the material used in microchips since its invention in the last century. But the technological advances of the industry has found some limitations in the use of new product generations (a very simplified form, silicon fails to function as a semiconductor smaller scales than 7 or 5 nanometers).
Much more efficient
in addition to replace silicon in order to ensure that industry has margins to continue creating ever faster processors, use of carbon nanotubes offer other advantages, such as high energy efficiency.
According to Subhasish Mitra, one of the research leaders at Stanford who has the support of IBM , nanotubes offer 1000 times more efficient. In other words, when comparing two chips, a silicon and other nanotubes, the carbon unit will be made 1000 times lower consumption to deliver the same rival performance.
in practice
But what it means to have a supercomputer that can fit into a cell phone? One example cited by the researchers is that of a telephone handset connected to thousands of built-in sensors (today, a typical smartphone has gyroscope, accelerometer and GPS). The readings of these thousands of sensors could be processed at a minimal cost of energy and give the user access to more advanced applications and technologies.
In other palavas, according to Mitra, these mobile phones of the future could be 30 times faster and operate with one battery charge per month.
When?
There are some barriers so that the carbon nanotubes are massively used for short-term industry. To begin with, the manufacture of this type of material is absurdly difficult and appropriate technologies and manufacturing processes still need to be invented.
In addition to the technical difficulties, there is a natural resistance in the industry, now comfortably settled silicon. It is necessary that an alternative technology, whether carbon nanotubes or not, it is proved extremely viable from an economic point of view for names like Intel AMD , ARM, Qualcomm and IBM invest heavily in a migration process that can be traumatic.
Taking into account these issues, scientists believe it is realistic to imagine that computers and smartphones equipped with processors and others made from carbon nanotubes chips are a reality in the market within 15 years.
Via Stanford, Tech Crunch
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